Compressor.



B. KR'A'MER. COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED )ULY 29,19I3.

lr'lmer..

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COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED IUKY 29` i913.

1 1 85,4: 1 2 lutvntd Muy 30, 1916.

5 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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I Inventor:

Ber'npard Kr-ejm er;

Hisdlttorneg.

B. KRMER.

COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED IULY 29.1913.

1,185,412. Patented May30,1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET Elv F'i g4.

Witnesses: Inventor:

Ber-mbar'cl Kr' '1`m er,

Hsaqiior-neg.

B. KRAMER.

COMPRESSOR.

MVLICAUON FILED JULY 29.19i3.

1. 1 85 .4 l 2. 121mm )my 30, 1916.

5 HEETSY YSHEILT 4.

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is .ftomeg B. KRAMER..

COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 29,1913.

Pnffntd Maly 30, 1916.

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Iyar; Lrmen His .jltorneg itmeses:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BERNHARD KRMER, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMPRESSOR.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 30, 1916.

Application filed July 29, 1913. Serial No. 781,786.

To all ywhom it m ag/ conf/'ern Be it known that I, BERNHARD KRMER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Charlottenburg, Germany. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compressors, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to reciprocating compressors and especially to those intended for use with high compression oil engines of the two-cycle type. In such an engine a supply of low pressure air is required for scavenging the cylinder or cylinders and a supply of high pressure air for injecting liquid fuel into the .combustion space or spaces against the compression pressure.

The object of my invention is to provide a pump of improved construction which is so organized and constructed that it is capable of efiiciently supplying the low pressure air for scavenging purposes and also high pressure air for fuel injection purposes.

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention. attention is directed .a the accompanying description and claims appended thereto.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate one of the embodiments of my invention, Figure 1 is a vertical section of a lnulti-stage compressor; Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the high pressure valve mechanism; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 4 is a cross-section through the head of the high pressure cylinder; Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the suction and discharge valves of the high pressure cylinder: Fig. o'

is a cross-sectional view of the same: Fig. 7 is a `vertical section through one of the valves of a low pressure cylinder; Fig. 8 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view showing the means for actuating the rotary suction and discharge valves of the scavenging pump cylinder; Fig. 10 is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of the head of a pressure cylinder; Fig. 11 is a vertical section through the scavenging or Ilow pressure pump, and Fig. 12 is a horizontal section through the scavenging pump and case surrounding the same.

Referring to Fig. 1, 13 indicates a part of theframe of an internal combustion engine utilizing heavy oil as a fuel and operating on the two-cycle plan. The casing is provided with a cylindrical bore or opening to receive the liner 14 Whichfforms the cylinder for the low pressure or scavenging pump. Located within the opening in the base or frame is a cylinder 15 which is provided with an annular member 16 which is fitted into the cylindrical opening in the frame and has an outturned flange 17 resting thereon. For convenience the scavenging pump may be referred to as the low pressure element, the cylinder 15 and its piston as the intermediate pressure element, and the other piston and cylinder to be described later as ythe high pressure element. The intermediate cylinder may receive its air from the low pressure element. thus permitting of a reduction in size. or it may receive air at atmospheric pressure. I prefer the former arrangement. The cylinder' 15 is connected to the surrounding annular mem-v ber 1G by an inclined web 18 which also forms the upper head for the low pressure cylinder. The cylinderand member are also united by a series of radially disposed ribs 19 which .1re provided with openings 20 at their lower ends to permit cooling water to freely circulate. The upper end of the cylinder 15 is provided with a number of hollow or tubular projections 21 located at the `junction between it and the high pressure cylinder and in which the. suction and discharge valves of the intermediate pressure cylinder 15 are mounted. These projections are united by an inclined annular wall 22 as best shown in Fig. 10.

The intermediate pressure cylinder may be provided with one or more suction valves and one or more discharge valves. As shown two suction and two discharge valves are provided. Each of the projections 21 is provided with an internal shoul'- der upon which rests a ported valve seat 23. Located within surrounding wall of the valve seat is a ported stop 24 which is secured to the seat 23 by aA nut and screw The screw is provided with a shoulder 2G which holds the stop and seat at a fixed distance apart. Located between the seat and stop is a thin disk valve 27 of the character best shown in Fig. 7. The valve seat, stop and valve are held in their proper an gular relation by one or more pins 28. The seat 23 is so constructed that it can be used for the suction as well as for the discharge valve by merely turning it` end for end. The valve shown in Fig. 7 is a discharge valve and when mounted in place occupies the position shown at the left of Fig. 1. The valve .seat Q3 is secured in place by a perforated bridge member 2li which is held in position by the bolt 30, the latter eX- tending through the plate or cover 31 which' closes the outer end of the projection 21 thus forming a suction chamber 32. The bolt is provided with a cap 33 which when screwed into place prevents leakage. It will be noted that the upper face of the seat 23 is curved as is also the under surface of the stop The curvature in both cases forms an arc struck from a radius slightly greater than that ofthe spherical surfaced end of the intermediate pressure piston 31. This curving of the parts is necessary to permit them to be reversed. as will readily be appreciated ly making the end of the intermediate pressure piston spherical as well as its cylinder head, the clearance between the parts can be made as small as desired. By making the surfaces of valve parts which enter the cylinder also spherical and of the same radius as the head their exact angular position is immaterial and no danger will be experienced from having a part project into thc path of the piston. The reversibility of the seats and stops is of great practical advantage because it avoids making one kind of parts for one side and another kind for the other side. It also decreases the number of parts which must be kept in stock.

The air displaced by the piston 3l passes through the discharge valve 27, the latter opening against the pressure of coiled compression springs 35, Fig. 7. As shown the valve comprises a thin iat and perforated disk which is normally pressed against its lower seat by two coiled compression springs concentrically arranged. The piston 34 on its working stroke causes air to be forced through the rows of ports 36 into and through the ports in the valve disk and thence through the ports 37 in the stop. The air after passing through the ports is collected in the chamber 38, Fig. 1, from Which it passes by the pipe 39 into a cooling coil 40. As shown both of the discharge chambers 38 are provided with pipes 3f) leading to the coolingcoils. After the air passes through the cooling coils it passes by the pipe 41, Figs. l() and 2 to the high presn sure cylinder will appear' later. lt is to be noted that the jlrt which forms thc seat of the suction valve forms the stop in the discharge valve.

In an apparatus of this character it'is necessary to cool the air during the compression and for that reason it is passed through the cooling coils 40. In order to extract heat from the cooling coils they are placed in a chamber 42 which surrounds the cylinder land the projections 21 as well as the coils. The outer wall of this chamber is formed by the cylindrical casing 43 which is slipped over the cylinder from above and is securely bolted to the engine frame. The upper and lower ends of the casing are provided with suitable packings 45 to maintain water tight joints. Cold circulating water is admitted to the cooling chamber by the pipe 46 which passes through an opening in the easing and extends nearly to the web 18. The water escapes from the cooling chamber by the pipe 47, Fig. 2, after having cooled the high pressure air. In this connection it should be noted that the same water absorbs heatfrom both the intermediate and high pressure cooling coils, the water acting first on the low and then on the high temperature coils.

Formed integral with the cylinder l5 is a high pressure cylinder 50 which rises vertically above it. The upper end of the cylinder is provided with a head 51 rabbeted thereto which contains the casing of the suc tion and discharge valves as will be referred to in connection with Figs. 5 and G. The head is secured to the upper end of the cylinder by the following means: A groove turned in the upper end of the cylinder in which is mounted a split ring 52 which is slightly larger in diameter than the cylinder 'thus forming a shoulder for the disk or member The disk and head are united by bolts 54 four of which are shown as indicated in dotted lines Fig. 3. In assembling, the disk is slipped over the upper end of the cylinder, the split ring is then mounted in place, then the, head, after which the nuts are screwed on the bolts 54. This arrangement affords a cheap and simple means of uniting the parts and also permits of using an attaching means that does not interfere with the valves of the high pressure cylinder. lt is to be noted that the casing of the valves is substantially of the same diameter as the high pressure piston.

Air under moderate pressure from the cylinder 15 enters the high pressure cylinder by the pipe 4l, Fig. 2, and after being compressed in the cylinder 50 passes into the. cooling coil 55 from which it is conveyed by the pipe 5G to the fuel injector in the cylinder of the engine. The outer wall of the water chamber 57 containing the cooling coil is formed by an annular casing which is seated on the flange 58 formed integral with projections 21 and inclined wall 22. lletween the head and the casing arc packings 59 Which maintain water tight joints.

Referring to Figs. 5 and G, (S0 indicates the main body of the high pressure suction and discharge valve casing. lt is provided with peripheral shoulders (l that rest on vtending through -entrance into the corresponding shoulders formed in the cylinder head 51. In the body is a ring of suction ports 62 communicating with an external groove 63 to which air is supplied by the pipe 41, Fig. 2. In the body is another ring of ports 64 for the discharged air. The opposlte ends of the casing are finished true to form seats for the suction valve 65 and discharge disk valve 6b. ese valves are normally h'eld against their springs 67. EX- the body is a bolt 68 having a shoulder 69 to position it and an enlarged ported head 70 ywhich forms a stop for the Suction valve. Above the body is a second stop 71 which is clamped in place by a nut 72. The lower surface of the stop is provided With projections 73 which rest on the body and maintain a fixed distance between said stop and body. This stop is also .provided with ports 74 through which the high pressure air passes. y As shown in Fig. 1 the valve casing is held in place by a screw 7 5 that passes through a flange seated pressure tight on thc head 51. The end of the screw is covered by a cap 76 that is seated pressure tight on the iange to prevent leakage. The cylinders are all in axial alinemcnt and located therein is a hollow intermediate piston 34 and a hollow high pressure piston formed integral .therewith and whose Seats by coiled compression -u per end is closed by a screw threaded p ug. The pistons are provided with packing rings 78 ofany suitable construction. The piston 34 is extended downwardly to form a support for the low pressure or sca v- ,enging piston 79. This piston is held in place between a shoulder formed on `the tubular piston 34 and clamping nut S0. The piston 34 is further extended to form a trunk 81 which is guided in the cylinder 82, Fig. 11. The three pistons are actuated by the connecting rod 83 which is secured to piston 34 near its upper end by the wrist pin 84.

Referring to Figs. 11 and `12, 82 indicates the guide for the trunk 81, said guide heilig formed integral with lower head 85 of the cylinder 14. This head and guide are supported by an annular wall 86 whose lower end is provided with a fiange that rests on a shoulder formed on the frame 13.

The Scavening or low pressure piston is double acting whereas the intermediate and high pressure pistons are single acting. On this vaccount and on account of the relatively large volume of air to be handled the construction of its valves is somewhat different. Air from the crank Case or other source ot supply enters the passage 87 from which it Hows to the supply chamber 88 and its cylinder 14 is controlled by the rotary Valve 89. This valve is mountd in a portedcasing and is arranged to control the admission of air from the chamber S8 tothe vertical pocket 90 which extends the full length of the valve7 and also from the chamber 88 to the chamber 91 that communicates with a port 92 at the.

bottom of the cylinder` said port being common to the suction and discharged air. The discharge valve 93 is similarly constructed but is set in a different angular position. It controls the passage of air from the passages 94 and vertical pocket 95 to the discharge chamber 9G, the latter supplying air under relatively low pressure to the scavenging ports said cylinders being mounted vertically in the frame 13. As shown both valves are closed and the piston 79 is at or about its upper dead center position and ready for the down stroke. As the piston moves so also docs the valve 89 until the lip 97 opens the connnunication between the chamber 88 and pocket 90.and air rushes into the cylinder. The valve remains open until the part 9S closes the pocket 90. The valve remains closed until the lip 97 uncovers the passage 91 communicating with the under side 4of the piston when a'ir flows through the port 92. lt is closed again by the part 98 ot' the valve. While the suction valve has been following out its cycle the discharge valve has also. As soon as the lip 99 uncovers the port communicating with the passage 91 air iowsfrom the under side of the piston through port 92 to the chamber 9U. This continues until the part 100 of the valve closes said port. The valve opens again when the lip 99 uncovers the pocket 95 on the reverse stroke of the piston, and remains open until closed by the part 100. The valves are geared to revolve at the proper speed to cause them to open at the proper times with respect to the working strokes ol the pistons; The compressed air is prevented from escaping from the chainber 90 back to the supply chamber by the walls 101.

102 indicates a recess in the chambered frame of the engine to receive a side rod connecting the upper piston of the engine with the main shaft.

In Fig. 9, 103 indicates the 11min-'engine shaft which is suitably connected to the connecting rod 83 of the compressor, Fig. 1. ()n the shaft is a spiral gear 104 which meshes with spiral gears 105 on the valve spindles 106'. The relation is such that the suction valve is driven clockwise and the discharge valve anti-clockwise. On the upper end of the spindle of the suction valve is a spiral gear 1.07 which meshes with a similar gear on the cam shaft 108 that actuates the fuel admission valve orvalves ot the engine.

In Fig. 10'is shown the open ends of the hollow' valve containing projections of the intermediate pressure cylinder, there being two for the suction valves and two for the discharge valves. ln this case air for the intermediate cylinder is received from the discharge chamber Slo. Fig. l2, by the pipe 5 10%). In addition to the valve openings the inclined wall 2z? has openings llt), one of which may be used for a safety valve and the other t'or a pressure gage.

When it is desired to ascertain the pressure ot' the air in the high pressure cylinder the screw threaded plug lll and its connected pin, Fig. L), is removed and a pres sure gage substituted. v

Owing to the t'act that both the iiiterinediate and high pressure cylinders are siii'- rounded with water as well as the intermediate cylinder valves, cylinder heads and the cooling coils 4t) and of) the air will be properly lcooled as it is compressed. The parts are so arranged that they are readily accessible for inspection or repair. By extending the pipe JAS, Fig. 1. to the bottom of theilowest cooling chamber the coolest water will act first on the low temperature parts and then on the high. rl`lie arrangement also enables the water to be siphoned out ot the chamber when desired.

lVliat l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent ot' the United States, is

1. In an air compressor, thc combination of a frame, anannular member 'arried thereby, a cylinder supported by the meinber and having inclined hollow projections at one end, valves in the projections, a casing which incloses the cylinder and engages the member and forms a wall of a chamber, a piston for the cylinder, and a driving means therefor. 2. In an/ air compressor, the combination 40 of a frame, a member carried thereby, two

cylinders supported by the member, one of which is smalleiiin diameter than theother, hollow inclined projections that extend outwardly from the junction ot' the two cylinders, valves in the projections controlling the passage of fluid to and from the larger cylinder, a head for the smaller cylinder, valves for said cylinder located in the head, mechanically connected pistons tor the cylinders, and a driving means for the pistons. f3. In an air compressor, the combination of a frame, a member carried thereby, alined cylinders ot' different diameters carried by the member, inclined hollow' projections that extend outwardly from the junction ot' the two cylinders, valves therein, an annular wall that connects the outer ends ot' the projections, a casing that engages the wall and said member and t'orms a wall of a chamber, a head for the smaller cylinder, a casingthat engages thel head and also said annular wall and forms ay wall ot a second chamber, valves in the head, pistons t'or the cylinders, and a driving means t'or the pistons.

4. ln an air compressor. the combination ot a traine. a member carried thereby. aliiied cylinders ot' ditl'crciit diameters carried by the ineiiibcr. inclined hollow projections thaty extend outwardly t'ioin the junction of the two cylinders. valves therein. an annular wall that connects the outer ends ot' the projections. a casing that engages the annular wall and said member and t'orms a wall of a chamber. a hcad tor the smaller cylinder, a casing that engages thc head and also said annular wall and 't'oi'ins a wall ot a .secondchamber. valves iii the head. pistons tor the cylinders. a driving means tor the pistons. a coil otl pipe located in the first chamber and receiving lluid from one cylinder and conveying it to the other. and another coil ot' pipe located in thc second chamber and receiving tluid t'roin the other cylinder.

."i. ln a compressor. thc combination ot a pair otI integral cylinders ot' ditlerent diaineters. an annular iiieiiibci' which surrounds one ot' the cylinders and is connected there` to by a web. a t'raiiie tor supporting the member. incliiicd hollow projections that are located at the junction between the cylinders. suction and discharge valves for the larger cylinder located in the projections, a head for the smaller cylinder. means t'or clamping the hcad thereto` concentric admission and dischairge valves located in the hiad. pistons for the cylinders. and driving means t'or the pistons.

t3. ln a compressor. the combination ot' a low pressure cylinder having a curved head and inclined hollow projections extending radially from said curvcd head` valves in the projections. seats tor the valves whose inner t'accs contorni to the curvature ot the head. a high pressure cylinder that opens into the head ot the low pressure cylinder and is in axial alinenient therewith. a head for the high pressure cylinder. suction and discharge valvesI therefor. pistons t'or cylinders. and a driving means that is common to both pistons.

7. ln a compressor, the combination of a frame, a scavenging pump cylinder support ed thereby, a low pressure cylinder. an annular member carried by the frame. a web for uniting the member and low pressure cylinder which also forms one ot' the heads of the scavenging pump cylinder. a lower head for the scavenging pump cylinder that is also supported by the frame and carries a guide. a high pressure cylinder carried by and opening into the low pressure cylinder. inclined hollow projections located at the. junction ot' thc loi' and high pressure c vlindcrs, valves in the projections, suction and discharge valves foi-,the scavenging and high pressure cylinders; mechanically united pistons for the low and high pressure cylinders, one ot' which is extended to t'orm a the trunk that moves in said guide, a scavenging piston carried by said trunk7 and a. driving means that is Common to all of the pistons S. In a compressor, the combination of a frame having a Arelatively large cylindrical opening', an annular' member that is supported by the top of the frame and extends dowiuvardly into the opening to form. a chamber, alined low and high pressure cylinders, a web attached to the member for supporting" the cylinders, radially extendingl ribs that unite the member and lovv pressure cylinder, inclined hollow projections that open into the low pressure cylinder, valves therein. an annular wall uniting the outer ends of the projections, a casing that connects the wall and member, valves for ihe high pressure cylinder, pistons for the c vl iuders, and driving means therefor.

il. ln a compressor, the cmnbination of a c vlinder, a head therefor, suction and dinchargc valves, a Casing for the valves that. is approximately7 the same diameter the bore of the cylinder, and means for uniting the c vliuder and head comprising a split ring' that is .seated in a groove in the cylinder, a member anchored in place by the ring, devices for uniting the head and member, a piston, and a driving` means therefor.

10. ln a compressor, the combinan-ion of a double acting piston and cylinder, a cham-- bered frame for supporting the, cylinder con taining independent suction a zharge passages, independent rotary suction and nge iter the valve-s` and a pori in the cylinder wall which iluifl enters and leaves the '1i4 ln a ronnn'wsor. the combination of a cylinder domicile acting piston inirnnted therein a' frame, i'rfr rrugrnn'lni the cylindei 'which if: priv-yifleil with n and 1 eynniler through einen lnilcnters and m ft the cylinder, i'mlepcndent rotary 'valves which control the arlnnssion to and the discharge of fluid from one end-ef the cylinder and through said port, means Afor actuating` the piston, and means moving in svnchmnisn therewith for wtating said vulves.

in 'witness whereof, my hand this i? h der of Jn i lliilij Riff lsfY l'eiii'm :si-'Fg 'lsu alare lricnmirs, FRAM;

A chambers, a port in one end 'nl' ti 5' 

